Fortified human breastmilk alters the microbiota of low-birth-weight infants Microbiota preterm infant lowbirthweight nutrient fortification microbiome microbiota milk humanmilk fortifier cellhostmicrobe UofT SickKidsNews uOttawa
By Dr. Liji Thomas, MDAug 24 2022Reviewed by Benedette Cuffari, M.Sc. Babies born with very low birth weight , which is defined as less than 1.5 kg at birth, have altered gut microbiota as compared to healthy term babies. This is a risk factor for neonatal growth and slowing/arrest of growth in the hospital.
This pasteurized donor human milk is fortified with multiple nutrients that are typically derived from bovine milk to support VLBW infant growth. Currently, the use of human-milk-based fortifiers instead of bovine-milk-based fortifiers is being explored clinically. Effects of fortifier type The type of fortifier used did not change the number of OTUs in the samples; however, HMBF reduced the diversity of microbial species as compared to BMBF. The type of fortifier had an effect on beta-diversity, with Proteobacteria and Firmicutes being relatively more and less abundant in the HMBF-fed infants, respectively.
Volume of species Related StoriesWhile a large proportion of the infant’s daily intake consisted of mother’s milk, larger volumes of this type of milk were associated with higher alpha-diversity in the infant gut. This higher diversity could be because preterm milk consists of numerous microbial species that may colonize the infant gut.
Lower diversity with HMBF The study findings indicate a differential alteration in the gut microbiome in VLBW infants with the use of either fortifier. Overall, those receiving HMDF had a less diverse microbiome, both within and between samples, with Proteobacteria and unclassified Enterobacteriaceae being more abundant. Conversely, Firmicutes and C. sensu stricto were less abundant.
Similarly, the volume of mother’s milk, PHDM, or fortifier was associated with the way in which the infant gut microbiome developed. These results corroborate earlier smaller studies that primarily focused on BMBF, with Clostridia becoming more abundant with time.
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