How does the human gut microbiome impact menopause? Menopause Gut Microbiome WomensHealth gastroenterology DovePress fredhutch CUMedicalSchool EinsteinMed
By Dr. Priyom Bose, Ph.D.Aug 24 2022Reviewed by Benedette Cuffari, M.Sc. Following menopause, women are at a greater risk of several age-related chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease and diabetes. A decrease in ovarian sex hormones like estradiol after menopause triggers various health issues.
What happens during the menopausal transition phase? Menopause is the final stage of reproductive aging and is reached when women stop menstruating for twelve months. The menopausal transition occurs over several years, during which a reduction in the number of ovarian follicles leads to varied production of progesterone and estradiol, along with abnormal menstrual cycles that occur with or without ovulation.
Microbial cells exist in the human body in approximately 1:1 ratio to human cells and have a significant role in human health and disease. The highest number of microbes are found in the digestive tract, which, taken together, form the gut microbiome. The composition of the gut microbiome changes throughout life. Sexual dimorphism of the gut microbiome shifts during puberty, post-puberty, and plateaus when an individual reaches 40 years of age. Gut microbiome changes have also been noted post-menopause.
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