'Science aims to be “value-free,” which basically means that we want to see how the world really works, whatever the outcome, not just find confirmation of how we wish it worked,' writes jennifervfayard
, so without hypothesizing, we’d feel like we’ve found a whole lot of common sense, and we wouldn’t critically question our results the way we must to find out how the world really works.
After we make a prediction, we make observations under tightly controlled conditions so that we can isolate the behaviors or objects we are interested in and can rule out other explanations for the result we are seeing. We make sure that the way we are measuring our outcome is reliable and makes sense.
Could a funding corporation come in and try to demand we produce certain results? They can demand all they want, but unless you’re committing fraud, the data say what they’re going to say, like it or not. As with any area of life, there are a few bad apples who do commit, but it’s rare, and when they get caught, the consequences inside and outside the academic community are severe.
Prediction is a powerful, but imperfect, thing. One thing that psychologists and epidemiologists have in common is that we deal in probabilities: we can’t always tell you what every single person is going to do, or when a person is going to get sick, but we can tell you howpeople will be affected. Statistics give us information on trends and averages in a population, and sometimes people don’t behave like everyone else.
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