The diverse mechanisms by which galectins can regulate adaptive and innate immune responses NatRevImmunol harvardmed BrighamWomens immunity immuneresponse galectins protein
By Pooja Toshniwal PahariaJan 18 2023Reviewed by Danielle Ellis, B.Sc. In a recent review published in Nature Reviews Immunology, researchers explored ways galectins can impact immunity and discussed the opportunities and challenges in the field.
Galectins are present or secreted within the cytoplasm but can also be located in the nucleus. Cytoplasmic galectins could affect cell signaling by being directly bound to intracellularly located molecular targets, including ALIX and BCL-2 via interactions independent of glycans. The interactions could affect cellular survival, autophagy, and phagocytosis. Intracellularly located galectins can be bound to exposed carbohydrates subsequent to the damage of organelles, which induces autophagy.
Immunology eBook Compilation of the top interviews, articles, and news in the last year. Download a free copy A defect in T lymphocyte contraction has been observed among galectin-1, galectin-8, and galectin-9 knockout murine animals post-challenge, with T cell apoptosis post-administration of extracellular galectin-1, galectin-2, galectin-3, galectin-8, and galectin-9. Additionally, intracellularly located galectin-3 induces the apoptosis of T lymphocytes via BCL-2 interactions.
Regulation of macrophages by intracellular and extracellular galectins Galectins can affect macrophage polarization, phagocytosis, and inflammasome activation. E.g., galectin-3 is induced among cardiac macrophages in myocardial infarction models, where it promotes their polarization into M2-like macrophages, contributing to tissue repair by promoting fibrosis and clearance of apoptotic cells after myocardial infarction. Galectin-3 expression is induced via STAT3 activation.
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