As huge offshore wind farms spread across Europe's North and Baltic seas, efforts grow to buffer the impact on wildlife.
Over the past decade, a curious invention has spread across Europe's northern seas. It's called a big bubble curtain, it works a bit like a giant jacuzzi, and it helps protect porpoises from the massive underwater noise caused by wind farm construction.
"Pretty much every creature in the sea relies on underwater sound. On land, most animals tend to use vision as their main sense, but in the underwater world, it's hearing," says Carina Juretzek, a specialist in underwater noise at Germany's Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency, whichand avoid obstacles in often dark or murky waters, emitting ultrasonic clicks that bounce off fish or objects.
Europe has seen a construction boom in offshore wind turbines, which are bigger and more powerful than the ones on land to get essential climate news and hopeful developments in your inbox every Tuesday from Carl Nasman. This email is currently available to non-UK readers. In the UK?or even permanent deafness in harbour porpoises, leaving them disoriented and unable to survive. There can also be indirect damage.
"If we were afraid that we would go over the threshold, then there were some additional measures we could take," she adds."So for instance, sometimes the hammer energy was reduced. If you reduce it, it's softer, and that lowers the noise."
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