The new study analyzed soil samples brought back from the Chang'E-5 mission. According to a study that examined soil samples returned as part of the Chang'E - 5 (CE-5) mission in 2020, the active volcanic activity helped create the moon's surface mineralogy as recently as 2 billion years ago, leavi
The research indicated that the iron-rich and high-calcium surface of basalts was younger than previously believed.According to a study that examined soil samples returned as part of the Chang’E – 5 mission in 2020, the active volcanic activity helped create the moon’s surface mineralogy as recently as 2 billion years ago, leaving an iron-rich and high-calcium surface of basalts that is geographically younger than the lunar geology community previously thought.
Studies based on the Apollo and Luna missions suggested that active volcanism shaped the lunar mare between 4.3 billion and 3.1 billion years ago, with the majority of that activity occurring between 3.6 billion and 3.8 billion years ago. The lunar mare is the term for the dark basaltic plains formed by volcanic activity triggered by ancient large asteroid impacts on the far side of the moon.
To analyze the samples, the researchers measure the wavelengths of light absorbed and reflected when exposed to precisely calibrated x-ray and visible light emissions. What each sample reflects is mapped according to wavelength on an X-axis and intensity on a Y-axis, generating a spectrographic fingerprint.
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