Hydrogen spillover is exactly what it sounds like. Small metal nanoparticles anchored on a thermally stable oxide, like silica, comprise a major class of catalysts, which are substances used to accelerate chemical reactions without being consumed themselves. The catalytic reaction usually occurs on the reactive—and expensive—metal, but on some catalysts, hydrogen atom-like equivalents literally spill from the metal to the oxide. These hydrogen-on-oxide species are called 'hydrogen spillover.'
for nearly 60 years, no one has been able to quantify it and describe the mechanism underpinning the phenomenon—until now.
In hydrogen-spillover systems, hydrogen gas reacts to split into hydrogen atom equivalents—a proton and an electron but in a slightly different arrangement than their typical layout. In this system, the protons stick to the material's surface while the electrons enter the semiconducting oxide's near-surface conduction band.
Hydrogen spillover was first discovered in a platinum-on-tungsten-oxide system in 1964 and since then has been observed in different systems. Without the fizz, the researchers realized that the adsorption was weak—which"flew in the face of what everyone knew," Chandler said. Withoutas a significant variable, the researchers determined that only entropy could be driving the atoms from the gold to the substrate.
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