The long-term vision for quantum computing is the ability to leverage millions of noise-free qubits to address selected problems that are hard to solve with classical computers. Application fields that may benefit from this technology include materials synthesis, pharmaceutical drug development, and cybersecurity, to name a few.
platforms with diverse types of qubits are under investigation, and worldwide efforts are ongoing to scale up from hundreds to millions of qubits. Having different levels of maturity, each platform has its own needs for scaling up. Common challenges include well-controlled qubit integration in large-size wafer facilities and the need for electronics to interface with the growing number of qubits.
In the longer term, much is expected from Si-spin-based qubits. Si spin qubits are more challenging to control than superconducting qubits, but they are significantly smaller —giving an advantage for upscaling. Also, the technology is highly compatible with CMOS manufacturing technologies, offering wafer-scale uniformity with advanced back-end-of-line interconnection of the Si quantum dot structures.
An attractive solution is to use CMOS-based cryo-electronics that hold RF multiplexing elements operating at the base temperature of the dilution refrigerator. Such a solution alleviates the I/O bottleneck as the number of wires that go from room to mK temperatures can be significantly reduced.
This number quantifies the difference in operation between an ideal gate and the corresponding physical gate in quantum hardware. It is above the threshold for starting experiments like quantum error correction—a prerequisite for realizing practical quantum computers that can provide fault-tolerant results. These results have been published inThe multiplexer chip is custom designed at imec and fabricated in a commercial foundry using a 28nm bulk CMOS fabrication technology.
Currently, the team is working toward implementing a two-qubit gate based on the concept of time division multiplexing.The experiments described in this work have been set up to contribute to developing large-scale quantum computers by reducing wiring resources. But they also bring innovations to the field of metrology.
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