Scoping review in 'Pediatric Research' examines the rise of pediatric viral diseases in the 21st century and underscores the importance of a One Health approach, integrating human, animal, and ecosystem health, to combat these emerging and re-emerging infectious threats effectively.
By Tarun Sai LomteNov 9 2023Reviewed by Susha Cheriyedath, M.Sc. A recent study published in the journal Pediatric Research reviewed emerging and re-emerging viral diseases .
Impact on Pediatric Health Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 , the causal agent of COVID-19, was first reported in late 2019. COVID-19 appears to have a low mortality rate in pediatric populations relative to adults but a high multifactorial morbidity. Specifically, multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children is a severe complication, manifesting four-to-six weeks after mild or asymptomatic COVID-19.
There were more than 40,000 cases of ZIKV in the Americas in 2022. Studies have linked maternal ZIKV infection during the first two trimesters to microcephaly. Management of acute ZIKV cases is supportive, and evidence-based therapies are lacking. The mechanisms of microcephaly and other defects related to congenital ZIKV syndrome are poorly defined. Further, vaccines and therapeutics for ZIKV are under various stages of development.
Challenges in Eradicating Endemic Viruses Measles virus is highly contagious and spreads through respiratory droplets. Vaccination or infection offers lifetime immunity. Efforts to achieve MV eradication have been a global priority for decades. However, the number of MV cases and deaths has been steadily increasing since 2016, mainly due to the failure to vaccinate, with many deaths recorded in children under five years.
Chikungunya virus is an arbovirus that causes chikungunya fever, a febrile disease associated with severe arthritis, arthralgia, maculopapular rash, and headache. It was first described in southern Tanzania in 1952-53. CHIKV infection is more frequently associated with severe disease than Dengue. The neurologic, hematologic, and cutaneous manifestations of the disease are more broad and common in children than in adults.
Viral Diseases Epidemics Pandemics Global Cooperation Research Surveillance Preparedness Disease X Concept World Health Organization
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