Creating rocky planets is a messy, dangerous, hot business.
The nearby adolescent star bombards them with intense radiation. That likely"bakes off" any surface oceans, lakes, or rivers, which is a disaster if you're looking for places where life might arise or exist.
Technically, it's trapped in minerals deep beneath the surface. If conditions are right on worlds around these most common stars in the Galaxy, there could be enough water in them to equal several Earth oceans. "The model gives us an upper limit on how much water a planet could carry at depth, based on these minerals and their ability to take water into their structure."M-type red dwarfs are the most common stars in the Galaxy. That makes them good subjects to study the variables of planetary formation. They form just as other stars do.
The team found that a planet's size and amount of water-bearing minerals determine how much water it can"hide." The new research showed that larger planets – around two to three times bigger than Earth – typically have drier rocky mantles. That's because the water-rich upper mantle makes up a smaller proportion of its total mass.This new model helps planetary scientists understand not only the conditions at Earth's birth but the. However, it's really more aimed at the formation environment of larger rocky planets around M-type red dwarfs.
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