The properties of our universe — smooth, flat, just a pinch of dark energy — are what we should expect to see, according to a new calculation. Via QuantaMagazine
Thermodynamics leverages the power of statistics so that you can use just a few numbers to describe a system of many parts, such as the gajillion air molecules rattling around in a room. Temperature, for instance—essentially the average speed of air molecules—gives a rough sense of the room’s energy. Overall properties like temperature and pressure describe a “macrostate” of the room.
Entropy gives physicists a sharp way of comparing the odds of different outcomes: The higher the entropy of a macrostate, the more likely it is. There are vastly more ways for air molecules to arrange themselves throughout the whole room than if they’re bunched up in a corner, for instance. As a result, one expects air molecules to spread out .
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