The French practice of “dégagisme”, or getting rid of the old order, seems to reinforce rebellious voting patterns
twice each. Yet under the French Fifth Republic, introduced by Charles de Gaulle in 1958, the French have never re-elected a sitting president who had a parliamentary majority. Why is it so unusual for France’s head of state to win a second term?
A referendum in 2000 shortened French presidential terms from seven to five years. Following constitutional reforms in 2008, leaders can serve only two consecutive terms. But even this has eluded most of them. De Gaulle himself was voted back into office in 1965. But he had first been elected in 1958 by an electoral college of parliamentarians, mayors and city-council members, not by the people.
One reason for the French fondness for kicking out the incumbent may be a growing disengagement with representative democracy. Dwindling turn-out is one measure of voter dissatisfaction. Abstention at the first round of the presidential election increased from 16% in 2007, to 26% on April 10th this year. In Britain, the trend has gone the other way: the turn-out rate at general elections edged up from 61% in 2005, to 67% in 2019.
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