And what it tells you about the remaining threat from covid-19
WHEN THE coronavirus took hold in Europe last year, Britain’s government was criticised for supposedly toying with the idea of letting people catch the disease in the hope that enough of them would become immune to protect the whole population. Sweden tried something similar, opting for voluntary social-distancing measures in the hope of achieving “herd immunity”. The approach was a failure. By the summer Sweden had registered far more cases and deaths than its Scandinavian neighbours.
People who are immune to a disease act as a dead-end that starves the virus of new, infectable hosts. Once there are enough of them, the disease peters out for want of fresh victims. How many? Epidemiologists use a formula, based on the average number of people to whom an infected person passes the disease, to determine what share of a population would need to have immunity in order for an infection to abate.
One way to achieve herd immunity is to let a virus run rampant. When a pathogen enters a body the immune system triggers many responses, including creating antibodies that directly combat the intruder and priming T-cells to kill infected cells so as to stop them from releasing copies of the virus. Studies show that people who test positive for SARS-CoV-2 retain detectable levels of antibodies and T-cells for at least six to eight months after infection.
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