This article explores the role of autoantibodies (AAbs) as biomarkers in cancer diagnosis and treatment.
Sponsored Content by Sengenics Corporation LLCMar 15 2024Reviewed by Maria Osipova Autoantibodies produced by the humoral immune system represent a promising avenue for early detection, monitoring and drug development as they can be produced in response to tumor antigens several years before clinical diagnosis.1,2
Type 1 MAGE proteins, for example, only display normal expression during embryonic development in the male mammalian germline. These cancer-testis antigens , however, are expressed abnormally in non-germ cells for both men and women with cancer, triggering the generation of AAbs.4-6 AAbs can be utilized as biomarkers to forecast patient outcomes and aid in the identification of new therapeutic targets. For example, it has been demonstrated that a signature of 13 AAbs is predictive of poor survival rates in patients with resected non-small cell lung cancer.5 This signature was validated in an independent cohort with a sensitivity of 84 % and a specificity of 74 %.
Further underscoring their utility, AAbs obtained from blood samples represent the full repertoire of antibodies from various tissues, as they circulate system-wide. This is especially vital as chronic diseases, such as cancer, frequently affect multiple organs and tissues. Proteins in blood, however, only represent proteins secreted or released into the bloodstream.
Sengenics arrays leverage patented KREX® technology to guarantee proper folding of full-length proteins for highly specific antibody binding, as shown in Figure 1.12 The array surface is also modified to offer an aqueous environment for the proteins to float naturally. Conclusions Despite being a genetic disease, genetic testing of cancer does not reflect the dynamic biological changes that occur in real-time. AAb profiling addresses this issue by providing a direct view into the immune response to cancer and identifying proteins with cancer-induced modifications.
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