In one decade Turkey has seen record numbers of refugees, terror attacks, an attempted coup, a state of emergency and covid-19. New problems are now looming. The most urgent is the economy
getting around the Kulliye presidential palace on the edge of Ankara, Turkey’s capital, on foot. Black minivans pick up visitors, whisk them through a tunnel and underground car park, and deposit them in one wing. Above ground, endless carpeted corridors connect 1,100 rooms spread over 300,000 square metres of space, four times the size of Buckingham Palace. A mosque towers over the grounds.
But he would recognise little else. For almost 20 years Mr Erdogan, who first became prime minister in March 2003, and then president in August 2014, has been the country’s all-dominant figure. Initial fears of his Islamist agenda may have proved exaggerated, but his autocratic bent has become ever clearer. Turkey now has an executive presidency, which Mr Erdogan has exploited to combine the roles of president, prime minister, party chairman and de facto central-bank governor.
Mr Erdogan has also learned to extract political dividends from the use of armed force. Turkey has launched four military operations in northern Syria, mostly against Kurdish insurgents whom the government labels terrorists . After a deadly bomb attack in Istanbul in early November, which the government immediately blamed on the Kurdistan Workers’ Party , the armed Kurdish separatist group, and the People’s Defence Units , the group’s Syrian franchise, a fifth offensive may now be in the offing.
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