The antiviral drug can suppress the virus, but five days may not be enough
last December. High-profile people who recently tested positive—including President Joe Biden, White House medical advisor Dr. Anthony Fauci, and late night host Stephen Colbert—have also taken the drug.after taking the pills. Paxlovid rebound occurs when a person takes the drug for a few days, tests negative, and then tests positive again several days later.
Figuring out exactly how often rebound occurs may not happen any time soon. If rebound doesn’t frequently occur, tens of thousands of people taking the drug would have to be followed in order to adequately determine how often people test positive again. “I’m afraid that will never be done,” says Dr. Mark Siedner, a clinical epidemiologist at Massachusetts General Hospital and associate professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School, who has studied patients with Paxlovid rebound.
“The virus is rather persistent,” says Ho. “And we believe that five days of treatment is not enough to have that form decay so that it’s nonexistent at the end of those five days.” It’s similar to the way antibiotics work: if people stop taking antibiotics before the prescribed time period is up, the infection can return before the enough of the bacteria is eliminated. “We’ve certainly seen infections where if you give the treatment, you knock down the level of bacteria or virus, but if you don’t completely eradicate it—and then it comes roaring back,” Siedner says. With Paxlovid rebound, “my guess is that it’s happening because people aren’t getting treated long enough.
Ho notes, however, that those studies were not specifically designed to detect and measure rebound, and that more detailed analyses are needed.
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