In a new paper, ecologists at UC Santa Cruz and the Smithsonian Institution detailed one such discovery: As population size of California sea lions have grown, the males’ bones seem to be growing larger.
by 1975. The Marine Mammal Protection Act, passed in 1972, is credited with spurring the full recovery of the California sea lion population.
“Some research has shown that as marine mammal populations increase, competition for resources with other individuals and species will likely intensify, eventually resulting in less prey availability,”, the lead author of the new research and an ecology researcher at UC Santa Cruz, told The Daily Beast. She added that for harbor seals and other species of sea lions, these pressures have been found to lead to smaller, not bigger animals, which can hurt species survival in the long run.
Analyzing the proportion of carbon and nitrogen isotopes in the animals’ bones revealed their diets and habitats, offering a partial explanation for the sex-specific trend in body size. Females, the researchers found, had a wider variety of foraging and dietary preferences than the males. This could mean that less competition exists among female sea lions to drive changes in their body size.
“During their annual breeding season, males congregate at sites occupied by females and engage in aggressive male-male aggressive interactions for territorial control and secure access to females,” she said. “Bigger males are more competitive during physical fights, and they can go longer without eating, so they can stay and defend their territory for longer.”
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