Understanding the protein’s role in the cell shows what's happening in neurodegenerative diseases before symptoms emerge.
Concentrating on other proteins involved in neurodegenerative diseases could help scientists find new ways to treat them. “Proteins don’t act in isolation,” says Nicholas Seyfried, an associate professor of biochemistry and neurology at Emory University who studies neurodegeneration. He says the more scientists understand how these malfunctioning proteins affect cells, the more therapeutic options there could be.
They found that tau is involved in a number of important cellular activities. “It's actually way more complicated than just a protein that forms tangles,” says Tracy. Tau helps maintain the structure of the cell wall. It interacts with more than 30 mitochondrial proteins that help create the energy the cell needs to survive and to send signals. And it comes into contact with presynaptic vesicles, tiny sacs that hold chemical neurotransmitters.
“They’ve gone the extra mile to make sure that their model system in cell culture is reflected in the human pathology of disease,” says Meaghan Morris, an assistant professor of pathology at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, who studies tau and its role in neurodegenerative disease. It’s interesting, she says, that this pathology was the same for all of the diseases the researchers studied, even though the causes of each are unique.
The study suggests that those 14 down-regulated mitochondrial proteins could be good targets, but Tracy says it’s not clear which ones to investigate. “The challenge with the mitochondrial proteins is that we identified so many of them,” she says. “Which one do you choose?”
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