“It’s less about finding life itself, but it certainly is about the journey to life.” The existence of water on the moon is central to the ambitious goal behind NASA’s Artemis program: to create a permanent human presence there.
The moon NASA is seeking to visit is not the same moon that Neil Armstrong and the rest of the Apollo astronauts left behind some 50 years ago.
“I just have to say pretty bluntly here: We’ve been there before,” he said. “There’s a lot more of space to explore, and a lot more to learn when we do.” Water is not only key to sustaining human life, but its component parts — hydrogen and oxygen — can be used as rocket propellant, making the moon a gas station in space. That could be critical for long-duration missions, allowing spacecraft to refuel on the moon instead of lugging all the fuel from Earth. And since the moon’s gravity is one-sixth of Earth’s, it is a relatively easy springboard to other points of the solar system.
“They’re starting to put real money into that technology development process,” said Casey Dreier, chief advocate of the Planetary Society, a nonprofit that advocates for space exploration. “ … I think that’s a really critical piece of technology that has broader applications beyond just the moon, obviously, on Mars and perhaps other places as well.”
“A lot of people don’t realize how dangerous the regolith is, how damaging to spacesuits and human lungs,” former NASA administrator Jim Bridenstine said in an interview. During some of the Apollo missions, “the regolith that got inside the capsule was extremely dangerous because it’s so fine and so sharp.”
“The time is now right to take a giant leap by using the moon to learn how to live off the land, thus enabling sustained human presence on Earth while stimulating a new sector of our economy,” Clive Neal, a professor of Earth Sciences at the University of Notre Dame, told the National Space Council in 2019. There are platinum group and rare earth metals on the moon, as well as Helium-3, which is a potential fuel for nuclear fusion.
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