Scientists integrated a Neanderthal brain gene into mini-brain structures known as organoids.
“We found that with the Neanderthal-type of amino acid in TKTL1, fewer basal radial glial cells were produced than with the modern human-type and, as a consequence, also fewer neurons,” Anneline Pinson,"This shows us that even though we do not know how many neurons the Neandertal brain had, we can assume that
have more neurons in the frontal lobe of the brain, where TKTL1 activity is highest than Neanderthals."The researchers investigated the relevance of these impacts to the human brain's growth.
"It is tempting to speculate that this promoted modern human cognitive abilities associated with the frontal lobe."Neanderthal brains were similar in size to those of modern humans. We sought to investigate potential differences in neurogenesis during neocortex development. Modern human transketolase-like 1 differs from Neanderthal TKTL1 by a lysine-to-arginine amino acid substitution.
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