LEDs dominate lighting systems but their efficiency rests on the tricky production of blue light.
The largest stadium in the US, filled with tens of thousands of noisy American Football fans, was drenched in blue light. People in the stands held their phones up, creating a sea of star-like speckles in the crowd.The atmosphere was heightened by a new visual entertainment system, which debuted at Michigan Stadium on 16 September. Coloured sequences of flashing, sweeping lights celebrate touchdowns or accompany music.
"One more exciting element of coming to a football game that you're not getting sitting at home on your couch."But not very long ago, blue LEDs powerful enough to illuminate such a large stadium - the third-largest in the world - would have seemed outrageously advanced. Bright LEDs that emit blue light were only invented in the 1990s. The scientists who came up with the technology
"It's getting down to even the high school level where there's a demand for the colour-changing and theatrical stuff that we're seeing in Michigan," adds Mr Schlesselman. That changed when engineers were able to produce LEDs that emitted far more photons, or light, than before. LEDs beam out light when electrons - negatively charged particles - within the device drop from a higher energy state to a lower one. This process releases energy in the form of light. By using different materials, you can adjust the size of the drop and the wavelength, or colour, of the light emitted.
If they can overcome such issues, perovskite LEDs could be utilised across a wide variety of devices says John Buckeridge a materials physicist at University College London.
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