NASA and China hope to send the first humans to Mars by 2033, but will they be ready in time?
, have shown that long-term exposure to microgravity can take a severe toll on human physiology.
Combined with exposure to elevated radiation levels, there are significant concerns about crews being in good health and ready to conduct surface operations when they arrive on Mars. There are similar concerns about the state of their health upon return to Earth. There’s also a lot of uncertainty when it comes to reacclimating to Earth's gravity and what the long-term effects of all this exposure could be.
Solar Electric Propulsion is a fuel-efficient and lightweight alternative that NASA is actively exploring for missions to Mars. This method relies on Hall-Effect Thrusters , where solar panels provide electricity to ionize inert gases . Magnetic fields then accelerate these ions through nozzles to generate thrust.
Faced with these limitations, NASA and China have two options for sending missions to Mars. One idea that is currently on the table is to develop nuclear rockets that would shorten the trip exponentially. The other is to adopt mission architectures that take advantage of planetary alignments and sacrifice the possibility of landing on the surface.Nuclear propulsion offers several advantages over conventional methods.
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