Bad Bunny's latest album brought attention to a mashup of two slang words in Puerto Rico: 'bichiyal,' from 'bicha' and 'yal.' It's opened a debate about class, womanhood and the island's history of reggaeton production.
By the early 2000s,"yal" was embedded in reggaeton's vernacular, as evidenced in songs likeby Zion y Lennox. This album was one of the first releases that marked the reggaeton's induction into the mainstream worldwide. It peaked in 2005 with the worldwide hit of Daddy Yankee'sHot Latin charts,and its hit single"Gasolina."
Puerto Rico remained the main producer of reggaeton for years, even as the genre endured two waves of criminalization and persecution in the late 90s and early 2000s, according to Verónica Dávila, a PhD candidate at Northwestern University. The first came under the administration of Governor Pedro Rosselló in 1993 and continued in the early 2000s with Senator Velda González.
As a result, reggaeton's lyrics became cleaner, romantic and pop-influenced. Eventually,"yal" fell out of vogue as slang in local artists' lyrics as they distanced from the genre's roots."Bicha," on the other hand, flourished as a colloquial term in the island's youth scene, eventually becoming a widely known slang word.
By the early 2010s, though, Puerto Rico came face-to-face with an economic crisis that eventually led to a Congress-imposed fiscal oversight board in 2016. And along with the financial slump came the return of the"yal." But this time, the term jumped out of reggaeton lyrics and into the colloquial vernacular of Puerto Ricans, who used it to describe a trite stereotype of the island's poorest women.
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