The argument over the Hubble Constant–the scientific law defining that expansion rate–is heating up
. But this isn’t just some nerdy squabbling in the ballroom of whichever hotel is hosting the latest astrophysical symposium.On one side of the fight are theorists such as Nikita Blinov, a physicist at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory near Chicago. The theorists are willing to toss out decades, even centuries, of settled physics in order to explain why different observations of galaxies and stars give us different numbers for the Hubble Constant.
The problem, for Madore and like-minded scientists, is that inventing a whole new kind of physics isn’t just unnecessary—it’s actually destructive. In throwing out old scientific laws that actually still work, they claim, you risk setting back entire fields of study and wasting a lot of scientists’ precious time.
If a slowdown is what happened, cosmologists figure it would need to have taken place between 50 and 150 million years ago in order to explain the assortment of conflicting Hubble Constants we’ve calculated in recent years.If you assume the universe slowed down, you should try to explain why. There’s nothing in settled physics to explain it, so you might have to posit theoretical particles doing weird, theoretical things on a vast scale.
As Freedman fine-tunes her observations of distant stars using better and better telescopes, she’s getting more-refined data on stars’ movements. She’s optimistic that, with a little more effort and a turn or two with the JWST, she and other old-school astronomers are going to pin down a new calculation of the Hubble Constant that erases all the recent contradictions.But the theorists aren’t waiting around for the JWST or some other new telescope to end the crisis.
An Iranian team followed up this year and agreed with Blinov and his coauthors that decaying warm dark matter, if it really exists, probably wouldn’t function as a parking brake on the whole universe. “Decaying dark matter seems not a promising candidate to address the cosmological tensions,” Zahra Davari and Nima Khosravi, both physicists at Shahid Beheshti Universityin Tehran,, which appeared online in March though has not yet been peer-reviewed.
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