The United States has the largest age gap in voter turnout among advanced democracies. Youth voter turnout remained low, at 48%, in 2020. Scholars, educators, and policymakers often recommend civic education as a solution to low youth voter turnout.
The study, by Jilli Jung and Maithreyi Gopalan, both at Pennsylvania State University, was published into take or pass a standardized civics test as a condition for graduation. The study used data on self-reported voting behaviors of 18-to-22-year-old U.S. citizens from the nationally representative 1996–2020 Current Population Survey, which includes approximately 36,000 young citizens nationwide.
This is the first study to examine the causal effect of state-level civics test policies on voter turnout. "Our findings show that when it comes to improving voting among youth, mandating civics tests that focus on assessing political knowledge might be a wasted effort," said co-author Jilli Jung, a graduate student in education policy studies at Pennsylvania State University."Luckily, we found that this policy did not harm high school graduation rates—a possible unintended consequence that we were concerned about.
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