Suppressing the urge to act until the time is right is a crucial, often overlooked, aspect of behavior. Just think about what might happen if you pressed the gas before the traffic light turned green. How does the brain keep the urge to act in check? It's the final race. Eight sprinters are line
How does the brain suppress the urge to act, such as waiting for the starter pistol to leap out of the starter blocks?
Scientists from Champalimaud Research’s Learning lab discovered an answer to how we suppress the urge to act until the time is right — an impulsivity switch in the brain. In their study, published in the journal, the team presents a brain area responsible for driving action and another for suppressing that drive. They also describe how manipulating neurons in these areas could trigger impulsive behavior.
“The key was that the mouse had to stay perfectly still in the period between the two tones,” said Bruno Cruz, a doctoral student in the lab. “So even if the animal was certain the 1.5-second mark had passed, it needed to suppress the urge to move until after the second tone sounded, and only then go for the reward.”The researchers tracked neural activity of both pathways while the mouse performed the task. As in past studies, activity levels were similar when the mouse was moving.
Inspired by this idea, Cruz tested the effect of inhibiting the indirect pathway. This manipulation caused the mice to behave impulsively more often, significantly increasing the number of trials where they darted to the reward port prematurely. With this innovative approach, the team effectively uncovered an “impulsivity switch.”
“Mathematical models are extremely useful for making sense of complex systems, such as this one,” added Gonçalo Guiomar, a doctoral student in the lab. “We took accumulated knowledge about the basal ganglia, formulated it mathematically, and tested how the system processes information. We then combined the model’s prediction with evidence from previous studies and identified a promising new candidate: the dorsomedial striatum.
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