The Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai volcanic eruption and tsunami that have devastated Tonga are unlike anything volcanologists have seen before.
. The Tonga eruption is easily one of the largest explosions this century. And it didn’t stop there.
“But there was actually a ‘holy shit’ moment on December 30,” he says. On that day, a decently tall plume emerged from the volcano. “That put me on notice because it was very violent.” Then came another skyscraping plume just prior to the main event. Both featured relatively little volcanic material, but did contain a lot of gas. And gloopy magma filled with gas is bad news.
This water, rapidly heated, was vaporized into a gas. If this happened miles below the sea surface, the intense weight of the ocean would suppress the expansion of the gas into the surrounding magma. But being just a few hundred feet below the waves, the water blasted the magma out of the way like a superpowered pneumatic pump, fragmenting the molten rock into millions of pieces. “And boom,” says Cronin. “Away we go.
Chemistry will also reveal what turned the magma into a pressurized bomb in the first place. The prevalence of a certain type of microscopic volcanic crystals would reveal the magma sat just below the surface for many years, slowly degassing and pressurizing. But the presence of a specific coating on these crystals would indicate that a recent injection of magma came in from below, adding a critical amount of heat, gas, and pressure to the reservoir.
日本 最新ニュース, 日本 見出し
Similar News:他のニュース ソースから収集した、これに似たニュース記事を読むこともできます。
Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha‘apai EruptsSeveral Earth-observing satellites collected data during and after the potent blast spurred a tsunami and lofted volcanic material high into the stratosphere.
続きを読む »
Dramatic photos show horrific aftermath of massive Tonga eruption and tsunamiThe photos also show areas flooded from giant waves.
続きを読む »
EXPLAINER: Why Tonga eruption was so big and what's nextThe eruption of the undersea volcano near Tonga over the weekend was incredibly explosive but also relatively brief. The plume rose into the air more than 19 miles but the eruption lasted only about 10 minutes.
続きを読む »
Water crisis looms for tsunami-hit Tonga; New Zealand help on the wayTwo New Zealand navy vessels will arrive in Tonga on Friday carrying critical water supplies for the Pacific island nation reeling from a volcanic eruption and tsunami and largely cut off from the outside world.
続きを読む »
First photos show 'unprecedented disaster' after undersea eruption, tsunami hit TongaThick layer of volcanic ash covers Tonga's islands as the first images emerged from the Pacific island nation since it was hit by a massive undersea volcanic eruption and tsunami.
続きを読む »