N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) are small, reactive ring molecules that bond well with metallic surfaces, and which over the past few years have attracted a great deal of interest in the field of the stable chemical modification of metallic surfaces. One property—discovered at the University of Münster in Germany a few years ago—is the ability that certain NHC derivatives have, not only to anchor themselves to individual metal atoms, but also to completely extract an individual atom from the surface. Having bonded with these so-called adatoms, the NHCs glide freely over the surface—like a ballbot, i.e., a robot that moves on a sphere.
Using such"ballbot molecules," and working together with Chinese researchers, the Münster physicists and chemists have succeeded for the first time in making the halogenated NHCs produce long-chain mobile polymers—chains of molecules—onThe mobility of the ballbot-type NHCs opens up new possibilities, for example self-assembly into highly ordered domains from this type of molecule, up to cooperative, swarm-type behavior on the part of the NHCs in autonomously converting certain...
One special feature of the halogenated NHCs used, which were developed at the Institute of Organic Chemistry at the University of Münster, is their ability to spontaneously form adatoms on noble metals and the mobility which arises as a result. This is a prerequisite for their coming together and for the reaction with other reactive systems on the surface.
On the one hand, the monomers can move easily on the surface due to their ballbot property; on the other hand, the contact time which the parties to the reaction have needs to be of a sufficient length to make the reaction happen.
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