A rare type of star probably forms when two stars spiral around each other and smash together.
White dwarfs are the slowly-cooling cores of dead stars. Hot subdwarfs are fairly uncommon, old stars that burn four times hotter than the surface of the sun and, unlike our sun, fuse helium in their cores instead of hydrogen, Miller Bertolami says.
“This is extremely, extremely uncommon,” Miller Bertolami says. Typically, a star creates carbon and oxygen by burning helium in its core, and those elements wouldn’t be visible on the surface. But the team found that about 40 percent of the star’s surface was made of carbon and oxygen. These two stars would have existed in a binary—meaning they orbited around each other. Over time, they would emit gravity waves and spiral toward each other until they met, Miller Bertolami says. In this process, they would get close enough that tidal forces would rip apart one or both of them.
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