Not only do quantum computers have the edge over classical computers on some tasks, but they are also exponentially faster, according to a new mathematical proof
It’s official – there is now proof that quantum computers can perform some tasks exponentially faster than classical computers, and it could massively boost their usefulness.use quantum bits, or qubits, to measure and extract information. Unlike the bits of classical computers, which can store a 1 or 0, qubits can store multiple values at the same time. This theoretically gives them a huge speed advantage over classical computers and algorithms.
“We now have the right mathematical framework for proving this exponential separation,” says Huang. People have flipped between saying it is possible to get exponential speed-up and becoming very pessimistic about it, he says. “It’s like a rollercoaster ride.
The researchers then performed two experiments that demonstrated this advantage on Google’s Sycamore quantum computer, made challenging by theThe first experiment measured quantum properties of a system that is inaccessible to classical computers because of the, which says, for example, that we can’t be certain about both the position and the momentum of particles at the same time.
“The authors are able to show that there are some experiments where there’s a lower bound on how many samples you’re going to need using a classical computer,” saysat the University of Bristol, UK. “They’re able to outperform that bound even using a noisy quantum computer, which, for me, is a very impressive achievement given the early stage of today’s quantum hardware.”
While the framework that Huang and his team came up with is general, they only used it for specific classes of problems. Future work will need to explicitly prove quantum advantage for many more quantum problems, says Huang.
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