What can we learn from the history of lobotomies? Are there psychiatric practices today that future generations will look back on with horror? mpcsmith investigates.
was often used in asylums, but questions were raised about whether the real motive for its use was economic, not therapeutic.
One such woman was Rosemary Kennedy, the sister of John F. Kennedy, who was lobotomized in 1943 when she was just 23. Her surgeon was the American Walter Freeman, who later developed a quicker, transorbital lobotomy, in which an ice pick-like surgical instrument was inserted through the eye socket. Freeman popularized lobotomy in the USA and elsewhere, particularly in the UK and Scandinavia. Approximately 40,000 lobotomies were performed in the United States.
By the late 1950s, the procedure was ebbing in popularity, partly due to concerns about it, but also because of the emergence of new psychiatric medications, such as the antipsychotic chlorpromazine. By the 1970s, lobotomy had largely fallen out of use, though new techniques, such as deep brain stimulation, are being used today.
Finally, it is important to realize that, while we may dismiss lobotomy as barbaric today, people of the future may have questions about the way we treat mental illness today. The story of lobotomy should prompt us to ask ourselves questions about consent, side effects, how we prioritize different therapies, and how we conceptualize mental illness itself.Kragh, J. V. . Lobotomy Nation: The History of Psychosurgery in Denmark. Basingstoke: Palgrave.
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