A 455-million-year-old fossil fish provides a new perspective on how vertebrates evolved to protect their brains, a study has found.
The research suggests that the ancient jawless fish found in ancient deposits in Colorado, U.S., has a skull unlike that of any previously seen, and fills a gap currently spanning 100 million years in the evolutionary history of the vertebrate skull.
This ancient fish had separated, independent cartilages encasing the brain, rather than the solid bone or cartilage structure of jawless and jawedVideo showing the 3D model created by the researchers. Credit: Field Museum of Natural History, Richard Dearden and Ivan Samson.that holds the brain, these results suggest that the early evolution of structures to separate the brain from other parts of the head may have begun with Eriptychius.
Dr. Ivan Sansom, Senior Lecturer in Paleobiology at the University of Birmingham and senior author of the paper said,"These are tremendously exciting results that may reveal the early evolutionary history of how primitive vertebrates protected their brains. Eriptychius americanus appears to be the first evidence for a series of cartilages separating the
from the rest of the head. This study emphasizes the importance of museum collections and the application of new techniques in studying them."Eriptychius reconstruction. Credit: Field Museum of Natural History, Richard Dearden Dr. Richard Dearden, Postdoctoral Research Fellow in Paleobiology at Naturalis Biodiversity Center and lead author of the paper said,"On the face of it Eriptychius is not the most beautiful of fossils. However, by using modern imaging techniques we were able to show that it preserves something unique: the oldest three-dimensionally preserved vertebrate head in the fossil record.
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