Encouraging developments include surgically implanted dopamine-producing neurons derived from stem cells, novel protein therapeutics, and new tools for early detection.
Such research is still at a relatively early stage. Larger trials still need to be done, demonstrating both safety and clinical efficacy but there is hope that stem cells will offer a new therapeutic option for a growing patient population in desperate need of better treatments. Rates of Parkinson’s disease are rising for reasons which remain unclear, yet it remains an incurable illness.
Other regenerative medicine approaches are also being investigated. Parkinson’s UK, the largest European charitable funder of Parkinson’s research, previouslyusing a protein called glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor as a novel therapeutic. This protein is naturally produced inside the brain where it supports the survival of various cells. While the trial results were not entirely successful, there were suggestions that it could offer some clinical benefit.
Excitingly, there are a variety of treatments on the horizon which appear to be offering glimmers of potential. The major mechanism behind Parkinson’s disease is well established – a toxic form of a protein called alpha-synuclein that accumulates inside neurons in clusters, eventually driving cell death – and scientists are exploring various means of either protecting neurons or ridding it from the body.
Other novel treatment approaches include attempting to address some of the other symptoms of Parkinson’s disease which are not currently managed effectively by levodopa. IRLAB Therapeutics, a CNS company based in Sweden, has developed a drug called Pirepemat which is currently in a Phase IIb trial and aims to address the repeated falls and balance problems many patients experience, by strengthening nerve cell signalling in the cortex.
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