Each and every person of non-African descent carries traces of DNA derived from ancient hominin species to a varying extent.
such as type 2 diabetes, Crohn's disease and lupus. It may even increase our propensity to smoke. And yet, at the same time, it is thought that the genetic variants inherited from Neanderthals–including those that affect skin and hair color–may have helped Eurasian ancestors survive in the colder, harsher climes of the northern latitudes.
Genes inherited from Neanderthals and Denisovans may have helped Melanesian adapt to the tropical island environment of Melanesia. Pictured: Melanesian children float on a bamboo pontoon by Wicked Walu Island on the resort-studded Coral Coast of Fiji.
These are structural variants involving changes to the number of copies of sections of DNA, which contain multiple nucleotides and can be replicated or deleted. These, the study authors say, are subject to stronger selective pressure and are more likely to be related to genotype expression—this contributes to a person's observable traits. One of those highlighted in the study was a CNV associated with Denisovans that affects the number of recurrent rearrangements linked to autism.
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