NASA’s GUARDIAN: Innovative GPS-Based Tsunami Detection System — New hazard-monitoring tech |
Scientists at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory are testing GUARDIAN, an experimental tsunami detection system using global navigational satellite data. The system detects disturbances in the ionosphere caused by tsunamis, potentially providing up to an hour’s warning. Currently focused on the Pacific Ocean’s Ring of Fire, the team plans to expand coverage and refine the system for automatic detection.signals to go wave-hunting in the Pacific Ring of Fire.
The new system sifts the signals for clues that a tsunami has arisen somewhere on Earth. How does it work? During a tsunami, many square miles of the ocean surface can rise and fall nearly in unison, displacing a significant amount of air above it. The displaced air ripples out in all directions in the form of low-frequency sound and gravity waves. Within several minutes, these vibrations reach the topmost layer of atmosphere: the Sun-cooked, electrically charged.
This animation shows how waves of energy from the Tohoku-Oki earthquake and tsunami of March 11, 2011, pierced Earth’s ionosphere in the vicinity of Japan, disturbing the density of electrons. These disturbances were monitored by tracking GPS signals between satellites and ground receivers.
“When there is a large earthquake near the ocean, we want to quickly know the magnitude and characteristics of the earthquake to understand the likelihood that a tsunami will be generated, and we want to know if a tsunami was indeed generated,” said Gerald Bawden, the program scientist for Earth’s Surface and Interior at NASA Headquarters in Washington. “Today there are two ways to know if a tsunami was generated before it makes landfall –and GNSS-ionosphere observations.
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The GUARDIAN system-a GNSS upper atmospheric real-time disaster information and alert network - GPS SolutionsWe introduce GUARDIAN, a near-real-time (NRT) ionospheric monitoring software for natural hazards warning. GUARDIAN’s ultimate goal is to use NRT total electronic content (TEC) time series to (1) allow users to explore ionospheric TEC perturbations due to natural and anthropogenic events on earth, (2) automatically detect those perturbations, and (3) characterize potential natural hazards. The main goal of GUARDIAN is to provide an augmentation to existing natural hazards early warning systems (EWS). This contribution focuses mainly on objective (1): collecting GNSS measurements in NRT, computing TEC time series, and displaying them on a public website ( https://guardian.jpl.nasa.gov ). We validate the time series obtained in NRT using well-established post-processing methods. Furthermore, we present an inverse modeling proof of concept to obtain tsunami wave parameters from TEC time series, contributing significantly to objective (3). Note that objectives (2) and (3) are only introduced here as parts of the general architecture, and are not currently operational. In its current implementation, the GUARDIAN system uses more than 70 GNSS ground stations distributed around the Pacific Ring of Fire, and monitoring four GNSS constellations (GPS, Galileo, BDS, and GLONASS). As of today, and to the best of our knowledge, GUARDIAN is the only software available and capable of providing multi-GNSS NRT TEC time series over the Pacific region to the general public and scientific community.
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