Carbon nanotubes absorb 99.995% of the visible spectrum
a 16.78-carat yellow diamond, worth $2m, which was on display at the New York Stock Exchange, disappeared from view. Police were not, however, called to the scene. The disappearance was intentional. The diamond, part of an artwork called “The Redemption of Vanity”, had been coated in a “super-black” layer of carbon nanotubes which, by absorbing 99.995% of the visible spectrum, made the usually sparkling gemstone seem practically invisible inside its dark case.
Nanotubes, which have an atomic structure similar to graphite’s, are naturally black. To make them super-black means growing them as forests that rise upward from the surface to be blackened. That way, once light enters the forest, it bounces from tube to tube—with each encounter bringing a high chance that the light will be absorbed. Few photons survive this process long enough to escape from the top of the forest canopy and be reflected from the surface. The effect is uncanny.
Dr Wardle’s team has been experimenting with aluminium surfaces instead of iron nanoparticles, and employing substances like baking soda and salt to prepare the aluminium. These materials remove the thin oxide layer that forms naturally on the metal when it is exposed to air. The sodium in them also seems to act as a catalyst in the way that iron does. The result is a process that operates at 400°C instead of 700°C, and which produces one of the superest blacks around.
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