Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman honored for showing that modifications of mRNA could lead to a new kind of vaccine
Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman have been sharing many awards since the success of COVID-19 vaccines based on their work and now they have a Nobel Prize.This year’s Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been jointly awarded to Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman for discoveries enabling the creation of a new kind of vaccine, including some of the first ones that protected against COVID-19, the Nobel Assembly announced today.
“This is a wonderful choice of Nobel Prize,” says Anthony Fauci, former director of the U.S. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, who had Weissman as a fellow in his lab. “[It’s] the classic example of a years and years–long collaboration on a very, very difficult problem. … They doggedly kept at it and made a discovery that has already transformed many areas of biomedical research.
The researchers tried reproducing some of these modifications in mRNA in the lab and then presenting the resulting molecules to immune cells called dendritic cells. In 2005, they reported in the journalthat replacing an mRNA base called uridine with naturally occurring, modified bases such as pseudouridine could greatly reduce the inflammatory response.
Although manufacturing large amounts of mRNA vaccines is complex, they’re still faster and simpler to make than vaccines based on other strategies. In those cases, giant bioreactors are used to grow huge batches of viruses, bacteria, or the cells that are synthesizing the key pathogen protein. The mRNA approach simply biochemically synthesizes the genetic sequence for the desired protein and encases it in a lipid nanoparticle to protect the strand from destruction.
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