The Kumano pluton plays an important role in the subduction of Japan's southern coast.
is grinding under the Eurasian plate off the coast of Japan at a rate of about 1.78 inches per year. This process, called subduction, triggers earthquakes and volcanism. Scientists use seismic monitors to try to understand the geological structures within , but this is often a spotty record, especially in submarine trenches where placing equipment isn't easy.
"We recognized that we had this gigantic dataset, which had swelled for a couple of decades and was really unique in that it would enable us to produce a really high-resolution three-dimensional model of the entire subduction zone," Bassett told Live Science. The team did not discover the Kumano pluton, which has been known since about 2006, but they did get the clearest picture ever of how this structure influences the subduction zone. What they found was a surprise: Most research on subduction zones focuses on the structure of the plate that's diving beneath the surface, but doesn't consider the plate sitting over it.
"You have these points along faults that are like little rough spots or, in this case, big rough spots and they can stop the earthquake from unzipping," Bohon said, referring to structures such as the Kumano pluton."They can act as nucleation points, places where the earthquakes starts, or they can act as, like a backstop, places where the earthquake could stop."It's not clear why the pluton is having this effect, Bassett said.
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