The microbiome can identify those who benefit from combination immunotherapy across multiple different cancers, including rare gynecological cancers, biliary tract cancers and melanoma.
Mar 1 2024Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute
In the future, understanding more about these bacteria strains can help drive the development of next-generation probiotics, known as 'live biotherapeutic products', that focus on modulating the microbiome to support combination immunotherapy from the inside. The clinical trial focused on a type of combination immunotherapy known as immune checkpoint inhibitors. These anti-cancer agents block the body's immune checkpoint proteins, allowing the immune cells to destroy cancer cells. In this case, the immunotherapy blocked the PD-1 and CTLA-4 checkpoints.
In addition to this, the team used this signature to train a machine learning model that could predict who would benefit from combination immunotherapy. This suggests that the relationship between gut microbiota and treatment response is specific for particular therapeutic combinations. The researchers therefore suggest that future development of diagnostics tests or therapeutics that rely on the gut microbiome should be tailored to the immunotherapy regimen, regardless of cancer type.
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