American efforts to reduce reliance on Asia for semiconductors present an opportunity
is famous for many things, from magical realism to the Amazon rainforest. Semiconductor manufacturing is not one of them. But that could be changing. In July last year the United States and Costa Rica announced they would work together to “diversify and grow the global semiconductor ecosystem”. Days later thechip manufacturer, then said it would invest $1.2bn in Costa Rica over two years. Mexico and Brazil, the region’s biggest economies, claim to have ambitions in silicon.
To see why, consider how chips are made. First they must be designed. Silicon Valley dominates this bit of the business, through companies like Apple, Nvidia and. The second phase sees those designs etched into silicon wafers, creating electrical circuits which do the mathematics that draw Instagram feeds on phone screens, or manage the batteries of electric vehicles. Here, Asian countries dominate.
But the big fish are floundering. Mexico has much to gain from the re-ordering of the semiconductor supply chain thanks to its free-trade agreement with the United States. It has a long history of assembling electronic components. Chipmakers should be piling in. They are not. One issue is that chipmaking consumes a lot of water, and Mexico is dangerously parched. Another is leadership. “In South-East Asia and India, there is high-level political support for semiconductor investments,” says Mr Miller. Lack of that in Mexico blunts the effectiveness of otherwise supportive policies. In October Mexico introduced tax breaks of up to 83% on someThat was enticing to chip firms, but it did little to reduce uncertainty.
Brazil is also wishy-washy on semiconductors. Its officials, absurdly, talk up semiconductor “self-reliance”, impossible for any country, rather than trying to get a mere toehold in the supply chain. President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva has spent nearly a year talking chips with China, with nothing to show for it thus far.operations in Asia spill over. Intel and Infineon, a German chipmaker, are spending some $22bn to build new chip packaging facilities in Malaysia.
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