Standing atop the mountains in the southern highlands of Peru is the 15th-century marvel of the Inca empire, Machu Picchu.
It's worth noting these"ancestries" are based on DNA and don't necessarily overlap with the peoples' cultural identities, although they sometimes would.
Of all the DNA samples we analysed, we found 17 individuals had ancestry from one of the distant sources tested . These included all regions of the Peruvian coast and highlands, as well as the Amazon regions of Peru, Ecuador and Colombia. The remaining 13 individuals had blended ancestry, including from as far away as Brazil and Paraguay. They might have been the offspring of individuals from different lands who met at Machu Picchu – or could be linked to yet unknown South American ancestries.Remarkably, all the individuals were buried together in the major cemeteries, irrespective of their ancestry.
Although we don't know how much coercion was involved in the process of these people coming to Machu Picchu, analyses of the bones suggest they lived comfortable lives. Many lived to old age and showed no signs of malnutrition, disease, or injury from warfare or heavy labour.Importantly, the human remains we found that predated the Inca empire did not exhibit high levels of diversity.
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