🧬In total, 84 genes were deleted and three were short insertions, altering the genome structure. Researchers suggest it’s likely these modifications were necessary for mammoths to adapt to the cold, northern environments in which they lived.
Sign up for our email newsletter for the latest science newsScientists are working to bring back a woolly mammoth-like species to roam the Earth’s tundra. A study published last year, however, complicates these efforts. Researchers at the Centre for Palaeogenetics in Stockholm foundLove Dalén, professor in evolutionary genomics at Stockholm University, explained that such alterations to genes can change pathways, which affect key traits.
“From an evolutionary perspective, what this means is that since these deletions have become fixed in the wooly mammoth, that means that they are somehow adaptive,” says Dalén. But this is still a hypothesis, and the findings raise further questions. “We don’t know when these deletions evolved,” Dalén says. “It could have been any time since woolly mammoths diverged from the elephant, about five million years ago.”In total, 84 genes were deleted and three were short insertions, altering the genome structure. Researchers suggest it’s likely these modifications were necessary for mammoths to adapt to the cold, northern environments in which they lived.
“Several of the genes that have been affected are related to classic woolly mammoth traits such as fur growth and hair shape, fat deposition, as well as skeletal morphology and ear shape,” Marianne Dehasque, a student at the Centre for Palaeogenetics,Researchers analyzed multiple woolly mammoth genomes and compared them to previously sequenced mammoth and elephant genomes.
“What we will be doing going forward is to create a genomic transect over the last million years to understand when these changes happened,” Dalén says. “Are they evolving in concert, or are they evolving more rapidly during certain periods, for example of climate change? So, that is our ultimate goal.”– discovered that their common fluffy traits developed and intensified over time from their initial split with elephants.
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