Study reveals ketamine's potent anti-inflammatory effects on neurological disorders, showing promise for treating major depressive disorder through modulation of neuroimmune pathways.
By Dr. Priyom Bose, Ph.D.Apr 15 2024Reviewed by Benedette Cuffari, M.Sc. In a recent study published in Molecular Psychiatry , researchers review the anti-inflammatory effects of ketamine in the peripheral and central nervous systems. To this end, all relevant articles were obtained from PubMed and Web of Science databases, with both animal and human studies published until September 2023 considered for the analysis.
Monoamines associated with noradrenergic, serotoninergic, and dopaminergic activities can be regulated through certain pharmaceutical agents to improve the cognition, sleep, and mood of MDD patients. However, conventional monoamine antidepressant therapy has only been shown to be effective in 30-40% of patients with MDD.
Mechanism of action of ketamine for MDD treatment The mechanisms that underlie the antidepressant effects of ketamine are associated with the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, opioid pathway, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor, and mechanistic target of rapamycin . Mouse models have revealed that -ketamine, and not -ketamine, alleviates stress-induced reduction in the expression of Tgfb1 and its receptors Tgfbr1 and Tgfbr2. Nevertheless, additional research is needed to clarify the microglia-based mechanisms underlying the antidepressant effects of ketamine.
Ketamine and the immune response The antidepressant effects of ketamine have been linked with the complement system, which is a vital component of synaptic plasticity. The complement system comprises 30 proteins that are involved in the classical, alternate, and lectin pathways, all of which converge in C3 cleavage, a major complement component.
Ketamine Anti-Inflammatory Cell Depression Depressive Disorder Dopaminergic In Vivo Major Depressive Disorder Microglia Mood Disorder Psychiatry Receptor Stress
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