South Africa is the world’s largest producer of manganese, but the EV industry has done little to protect miners from the neurological hazards of the mineral.
Correspondent Rachel Chason and photographer Ilan Godfrey logged more than 1,200 miles driving across South Africa, from remote mining towns in the Kalahari Desert to industrial sites in the northeast, to investigate conditions in the manganese industry. Chason is The Washington Post’s West Africa bureau chief, based in Dakar, Senegal, with responsibilities stretching from the Sahel to southern Africa. Godfrey, based in Johannesburg, focuses on environmental forces shaping his home country.
HOTAZEL, South Africa — Dirk Jooste had never been a big drinker. But when he showed up for his job as an electrician at a manganese mine in the Kalahari Desert one Monday morning, he was trembling so much that his supervisor asked him if he was “babalas,” or hung over. Jooste, then in his early 50s, soon lost the ability to keep his balance, walk straight and remember things as basic as the TV show he’d seen the night before, he recounted more than a decade later. Eventually, a doctor delivered news that shocked Jooste: The powdery black manganese dust he’d worked with each day for years appeared to have caused irreversible poisoning.
For years, however, manganese has taken a toll on the health of those who mine and process it, according to scientific research that shows that high-level exposure can be toxic, causing a spectrum of neurological harm. In South Africa, home to the world’s biggest manganese reserves, interviews with dozens of current and former employees in mines and smelters, as well as with doctors and researchers, underscore the peril.
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