Scientists have excavated the oldest grave ever found in South-East Asia. The 31,000-year-old skeleton they found was missing its left foot and part of the left leg, showing compelling signs of surgical amputation
Save time by listening to our audio articles as you multitaskThe landscape could be straight out of an “Indiana Jones” film, which is appropriate, because the region is a hotspot for archaeologists. In a paper published this week in, a team from Griffith University in Australia have announced perhaps the biggest archaeological find from the island yet.
“If you’re looking north from the main chamber of Liang Tebo, you’re surrounded by the cave,” says India Ella Dilkes-Hall, lead excavator on the dig. “Behind you is a higher second chamber, to your left is a higher third chamber, and then directly north, you are looking straight out at tropical rainforest.”
In early 2020, Dr Dilkes-Hall and colleagues excavated a small trench in the floor of the cathedral-sized main chamber, where they found the bones of a 20-year-old man, carefully buried with a small piece of red ochre next to his face. That is significant, because Borneo is home to some of the earliest known rock art. One of the oldest known examples of figurative art, a 40,000-year-old painting of a banteng , is located in Lubang Jeriji Saleh cave, a short trek away.
But as startling as what was found is what was missing: the man’s left leg and foot, from the last third of his shin down. “The recovered parts of the left tibia and fibula present with a very unusual bony growth which closely matches clinical instances of deliberate amputation,” says Timothy Maloney, a lead author of the latest study.
“There is a strong case to be made that these communities had an understanding of antiseptic and antimicrobial management, potentially taking advantage of the impressive plant biodiversity of the region,” says Dr Maloney. The find overturns existing assumptions that sophisticated medical knowledge only took off in Europe around 7,000 years ago.
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