A 1942 photo of a class in front of the Indian View Church built in 1925, on Upper Mattaponi tribal land. The Virginia Indians are the direct descendants of Chief Powhatan, and went hundreds of years without federal recognition.
n March 20, 1924, the Commonwealth of Virginia enacted the nation’s cruelest, most draconian, segregation law. Designed to preserve white racial “purity,” the legislation became a model for states across the Jim Crow South and beyond.
The future of white supremacy seemed secure when the Racial Integrity Act became law in 1924. But for people likeWhile the Act clearly defined a white person as someone “who has no trace whatsoever of any blood other than Caucasian,” the “Pocahontas Clause” allowed for exceptions. The Clause was a concession to prominent Virginia families who claimed descent from the Under the Clause, these “descendants” enjoyed a “white” legal status if they had less than 1/16th Native American ancestry.
Plecker’s campaign to erase Virginia Indians took a particular interest in the Chickahominy. Plecker relied on rumors and innuendo to label the Chickahominy as “mulattoes,” and lampooned Edward Bradby, the Chickahominy Chief, as a “mulatto” and a fraud.Plecker also cast doubt on the indigeneity of the Pamunkey and Mattaponi. Since the 17th century, both communities lived on reservations east of Richmond.
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