Deep-field images of “empty” regions of the sky from Webb and other space telescopes are revealing more of the universe than we ever thought possible
On July 11, the world was left in awe by the release of the deepest astronomical image ever obtained, captured by the James Webb Space Telescope , NASA’s newest “flagship” observatory. On the background of a galaxy cluster named SMACS 0723, seen as it appeared 4.6 billion years ago, myriad galaxies of different shapes and sizes appear like bright gems in the darkness of the cosmos. Some of these faraway lighthouses were already shining when the universe was just a few hundred million years old.
Such tepid expectations tamped down any urgency to try deep-field imaging with Hubble. The first attempt did not occur until around the winter holidays of 1995, after a much-needed optics repair. The telescope spent 10 days of exposure time staring at a tiny patch of the sky in the Ursa Major constellation, just one-thirteenth of the moon’s angular diameter.
With the addition to Hubble’s arsenal of the Advanced Camera for Surveys, the Hubble Ultra Deep Field was released in 2006. This history-making shot contained thousands of galaxies, some subsequently shown to have been shining when the universe was less than one billion years old.
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