There are an estimated 1,350 volcanoes on Earth that are potentially active — and about 100 observatories. Some monitor multiple volcanoes but many volcanoes are under-studied and unmonitored.
of Mount Nyiragongo near the city of Goma in the Democratic Republic of Congo. It left more than 30 people dead and hundreds more injured, and forced the city to evacuate.with a large lake of lava in the crater at its top. Because magma isn't bottled up in these types of volcanoes, pressure generally doesn't build up over time and trigger signals of an impending eruption.
After the eruption, cracks formed in the surface nearby, the volcano deformed and small earthquakes occurred. Volcanoes share properties and patterns but each has differences that can affect forecasting their eruptions. Nyiragongo "is an excellent case study" of this type of magma movement, Smittarello said. "There is still a lot to do to improve the detection and real-time interpretation of these tiny signals."
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