How salt appetite differs between males and females MensHealth WomensHealth Salt sexdifferences sodium appetite thirst fluid homeostasis Nutrients_MDPI UW UofHaifa UBuffalo universityofky
By Nidhi Saha, BDSJan 16 2023Reviewed by Benedette Cuffari, M.Sc. While many studies have examined male salt consumption behaviors, less research has examined how these behaviors may differ among female subjects. To this end, a recent Nutrients journal study reviews differences in salt intake based on sex.
Angiotensin II is a large hormone that directly acts on numerous organ targets, including the brain, to control salt and thirst appetite. Mineralocorticoids like aldosterone are also important hormones that regulate sodium levels by acting on the brain to induce thirst and salt hunger cues. Interestingly, in vivo studies in rats have consistently demonstrated that adult female rats will consume a greater amount of saline as compared to male rats. Furthermore, female rats will often elicit greater ingestive responses to sodium than male rats when participating in taste reactivity tests.
Taken together, the activational effects of gonadal hormones like estradiol and testosterone on salt appetite remain poorly understood and require further investigation. In one study, non-pregnant rabbits treated with prolactin and oxytocin to mimic lactation increased their intake of sodium without causing any differences in their excretion of this mineral. This observation confirms that the increased salt appetite during lactation is also directly related to circulating hormone levels, rather than an increased loss of sodium through released breast milk.
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