Insights from a study on stress hormones in pregnant and non-pregnant women.
. But how can we know in advance who’s more likely to develop depressive symptoms during stress? The stress hormone, cortisol, might be a useful clue.of the stress hormone, cortisol, goes up during psychosocial stress tests. The most well-known of these tests is called the Trier Social Stress Test. This test is designed to include situations that make people uncomfortable, such as doing math out loud in front of others, as well as preparing and presenting a short speech to a panel of judges.
only measure cortisol reactivity and depressive symptoms at a single point in time. With this type of study, we can’t know which happens first, higher cortisol reactivity or higher depressive symptoms. If higher cortisol reactivity comes first, this could be a useful way to predict who will experience increases in depressive symptoms later on. However, studies using multiple time points are limited.
or brain activity, can provide objective measures of risk, which is important because people aren’t always open about how they’re feeling with loved ones or health care providers.A group of researchers from Yale University, led by Abigail Beech and Dr. Reuma Gadassi-Polack , performed a study to examine whether cortisol reactivity to a psychosocial stress test predicts depressive symptoms in women during real-life stress; specifically, the COVID-19 pandemic.
The researchers first compared the two groups to see if there were any differences in depressive symptoms. Before the pandemic, the pregnant participants had significantly higher depressive symptoms than the non-pregnant participants, which fits with the research mentioned above, showing that pregnancy is a time when many women experience higher depressive symptoms. Surprisingly, there were no significant group differences in depressive symptoms during the pandemic.
After this, researchers analyzed the association between cortisol reactivity and change in depressive symptoms over time. They found that higher cortisol reactivity before the pandemic predicted increases in depressive symptoms during the pandemic for both pregnant and non-pregnant participants. This means that people with high cortisol reactivity were at greater risk for mental health difficulties during real-life stress.
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